Parkinson's disease is a brain disorder that occurs when certain nerve cells in the brain die or become damaged. The normal function of these nerve cells is the production of Dopamine - a vital chemical which is responsible for our body's smooth and well-coordinated movement. The lack of Dopamine as a result of damaged nerve cells can cause the Parkinson's symptoms of shaking (tremors), stiffness of the muscles, freeze-ups, balance difficulties and slowness of movement.
In Oct 2006, TiantanPuhuaHospital's groundbreaking treatment introduces 'Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial cells' (hRPE) to patients' bodies causing them to naturally produce Dopamine, enhancing Dopamine levels in the brain. The Hospital's use of hRPE cells means that patients do not have immunosuppressive reactions and therefore do not need to take additional drugs during the treatment. Specifically, the treatment includes a procedure that introduces hRPE cells into the region in the brain where there are damaged cells, along with a daily cocktail of medications that "fertilize" this area, helping the cells to survive.
Tiantan (Temple of Heaven) PuhuaHospital collaborates with the Stem Cells Research Center of China's renowned PekingUniversity, the leading stem cells research group in the country. There, stem cells are nurtured and induced for clinical treatment. To date, over 20 Parkinson's patients have been treated using hRPE stem cells, with all patients exhibiting increased dopamine in their metabolism and improved control of movement. Long-term follow-up of the patients remains unavailable and is currently being carefully researched on a select number of patients. Tiantan Puhua is the only hospital that offers this treatment to patients beyond limited clinical trials and Penny is the only known American citizen treated for Parkinson's using this type of stem cell treatment.
Last July 2002, in USA, Researchers used embryonic stem cells to relieve symptoms of Parkinson's disease in rats, demonstrating the cells can be turned into neurons that make dopamine, a key brain chemical.
The researchers at Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital in Belmont, Mass., showed in tests that the cells injected into rats whose brains had been chemically damaged would spontaneously convert to correct the Parkinson's symptoms.
Some experts said the study, appearing Tuesday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, was significant because it showed embryonic stem cells could be used to treat brain disorders, but they cautioned that the cells also could cause tumors.
In the current study, researchers first developed rats that had Parkinson's disease symptoms by injecting into their brains a toxin that killed neurons.
The researchers then injected embryonic stem cells, extracted from an early mouse embryo and capable of growing into any type of cell.
About nine weeks after the stem cells were in the rat brains, they converted to neurons that make dopamine, a brain chemical lacking in Parkinson's disease patients, Isacson said.
The injected stem cells, said Isacson, grew into the type of neurons that typically die in the brains of Parkinson's patients.
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